Analysis on the Waterbird Community Structure and Its Habitat on the Artificial Wetlands in Spring in Chongming Dongtan,china

27 Mar Analysis on the Waterbird Community Structure and Its Habitat on the Artificial Wetlands in Spring in Chongming Dongtan,china

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Abstract

崇明东滩处于独特的地理位置! 拥有辽阔的滩涂和丰富的湿地资源! 是亚太地区候鸟迁徙路线 上的重要驿站& 然而崇明东滩也是上海促淤圈围重点区域之一! 且围垦后滩涂用作多种农业'工业发 展! 导致当地植物群落和滩涂湿地结构的改变! 从而直接造成了鸟类生物多样性的明显下降! 因此东 滩湿地保护人员采取了修复和优化的治理措施! 但治理同时也将自然滩涂改造成人工湿地& 本研究将 改造后自然滩涂作为研究不同类型人工湿地的水鸟群落结构及其生境关系的研究区域! 并把研究区域 分为 % 种不同类型人工湿地! 捕鱼港优化区即一期工程"已修复# '鸟类栖息地优化区即二期工程" 修复 中# '人工鱼蟹塘'耀全农场& 本研究目的在于分析这 % 种不同类型人工湿地中鸟类群落特征并寻找影 响鸟类对生境利用的主要因子! 同时考虑修复优化工程的保育功能! 对不同管理模式下的人工湿地进 行研究! 从而对湿地改造提出科学的建议& 由于前期大量研究表明春季鸟类数量和种类较丰富! 能够 较好地反映崇明东滩湿地生态现状& 因此从 "#$- 年 - 月下旬至 ( 月上旬在大潮期和小潮期分别对上 述 % 种不同类型人工湿地进行了鸟类及其生境因子调查& 此次鸟类调查采用样点法! 共统计到水鸟 " -(5 只! 隶属于 G 目 $$ 科 %( 种! 其中斑嘴鸭"1 $+&2(%3#,(*"0$3"+# '红骨顶" 4 +,,#$),+ 3",(*(2)& # '金眶鸻 "! "+*+5*#)&5)6#)& # '环颈鸻"!7+,%8+$5*#$)& # '牛背鹭"9 )6),3)#& # '鹤鹬 " : *#$+ %*0;"*(2)& # '林鹬 " : 7 ,+*%(,+#等 "( 种鸟为优势种& 非参数检验分析表明! 春季这 % 类人工湿地水鸟种类'密度'多样性均有 显著性差异! 一期工程内水鸟的种类'密度'多样性指数'均匀度指数都为最大& 对生境因子与鸟类群 落特征进行相关分析! 根据非参数检验的结果得出裸露浅滩面积'水域面积'生境小岛个数是影响水鸟 分布的关键因子! 为此对鸟类栖息地优化区的修复及其完善提出科学建议&

English Abstract

Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve is one of the most important over-stop sites for migrantory waterbirds in Asian-Pacific Flyway,due to its unique geographical position in the Yangtze River Mouth and extensive salt marsh and mud tidal flat. However it is also one of the key regions which were enclosed by the construction of seawall,and the mud tidal flat after the reclamation was used for agricultural or industrial development,which altered the composition of the local plant community and the topography of the marsh and hence resulted in the dramatic decline of bird biodiversity. In the last few years,the local wetland management authority took the conservation measures to recover and optimize the wetland in the coastal area.Due to the wetland restoration project,a part of natural reserve was transformed into artificial wetland. In this study,we focused on the relationship between the waterbird community structure and habitat type in the artificial wetland which can be classified into four types according to biodiversity restoration stages: A. the wetland has been restored for two years,named the area of the first project; B. the wetland is being restored,named the area of the second project; C. the wetland reclaimed for rice paddy,named the Yaoquan Farmland;D. the wetland reclaimed for fish raising,named the aquacultural pond. The study lasted from the end of March to the beginning of May,2013 that duration covered the flood tide period and the neap season period. Bird census were carried five times in the study area and eight habitat factors were recorded in the meantime from the four type wetlands to analyze the main factors which affect the waterbird community structure. Bird survey was conducted by the point count method,totally 2 357 waterbird,subordinated in 6 orders 11 families and 45 species,were counted. Among them,25 species are the dominant species including Anas poecilorhyncha,Gallinula chloropus,Charadrius dubius,C. alexandrines,Bubulcus ibis,Tringa erythropus and T. glareola.The bird species and individuals were counted then species richness,bird density,Shannon-Wiener index( H’)and evenness( J’) were calculated by each artificial wetland types. The non-parametric test Kruskal-Wallis H analysis indicated that there were significant differences in bird species,density and diversity index between the four artificial wetlands. The area A kept the highest value in biodiversity and bird density. The correlation analysis was undertaken between habitat factors and of bird community characteristics by the non-parametric test Kruskal-Wallis H. The bare muddy area,size of water surface and the number of small habitat island in the water are the key factors which affected the waterbird distribution. The detailed management recommendations were then raised for further optimizing the artificial wetlands in Dongtan coasts in the consideration of waterbird conservation.