Characteristics and Protection Effectiveness of Nature Reserves on the Tibetan Plateau， China

27 Mar Characteristics and Protection Effectiveness of Nature Reserves on the Tibetan Plateau， China

View Original

Abstract

建立自然保护区是保护典型生态系统和生物多样性及珍稀濒危物种资源的基本途径。具有敏感生态 系统和丰富生物多样性的青藏高原， 其自然保护区建设及其成效一直以来是各界关注的重点问题。本文以最新的 《全国自然保护区名录》 和已发表 NPP与保护成效数据为基础， 分析了青藏高原保护区的组成、 分布格局与保护成 效。结果表明： ①1963 年至今， 青藏高原地区建成了各类保护区 155 个， 面积达 82.24 万 km2， 占全高原面积的 32.35%； ②保护区类型主要以野生动物与荒漠生态系统、 野生动物及其生态系统、 野生动物 3个类型为主， 各占高原 内保护区总面积的 36.84%、 33.35%和 6.80%； ③形成了以超大型保护区为主、 中部和东南部分布为主、 保护类型多 样为特点的青藏高原自然保护区体系； ④经过 50余年的生态建设， 保护区保护成效显著， 主要表现为： 珍稀濒危物 种数量显著增加、 濒危物种西藏马鹿被重新发现、 野生动物的栖息地得到了恢复和改善及典型保护区内草地植被 的生态功能增强。本研究结果可为青藏高原生物多样性保护研究和区域可持续发展提供科学参考

English Abstract

As one of the important measures to protect typical ecosystems，natural resources，
biodiversity，and rare and endangered species resource，nature reserve construction and its
effectiveness on the Tibetan Plateau has been the focus of attention from all walks of life. Here， we
use the latest list of China’s nature reserve data， published NPP and protection effectiveness data to
study the composition， distribution characteristics and protection effectiveness of nature reserves
on the Tibetan Plateau. We found that since 1963， 155 nature reserves of various types have been
constructed on the Tibetan Plateau with an area of 822， 400km2， accounting for 31.97% of the
plateau’ s land area. Nature reserve types are mainly composed of wildlife and desert ecosystems，
wildlife and ecosystems， and wildlife， respectively accounting for 36.84%， 33.35%， 6.80% of the
total area of nature reserves. Over time authorities have formed natural reserve system on the
Tibetan Plateau with the characteristics of an ultra-large reserve base， mainly distributed in central
and south-east，and various types of protection. After more than 50 years of ecological
construction， the protective effect of the Reserves is significant. Mainly performance in rare and
endangered species number increased significantly，the endangered Tibetan red deer （Cervus
elaphus wallichi）was rediscovered，wildlife habitat has been restored and improved，and the
ecological function of typical reserve grassland vegetation enhanced.