Diversity of Mycobiota Found in the Autumn-winter Season in Pieniny National Park – Preliminary Results

27 Mar Diversity of Mycobiota Found in the Autumn-winter Season in Pieniny National Park – Preliminary Results

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Abstract

W lutym 2014 roku i w październiku 2016 roku prowadzono badania mykobioty w zachodniej części Pienińskiego Parku Narodowego na trzech obszarach o różnej formie ochrony. W każdym obszarze wytypowano po pięć stałych powierzchni badawczych (łącznie 15), każda o kształcie koła i areale 100 m2, rozmieszczonych w węzłach regularnej siatki kwadratów. W trakcie badań stwierdzono obecność owocników 69 gatunków grzybów; wśród nich 12 workowych i 57 pod

English Abstract

Field studies were carried out in February 2014 and in October 2016 on 15 permanent study plots located in the western part of the Pieniny National Park. The study plots – each 100 m2 in size – represented three types of nature protection: strict protection, active protection and landscape protection (Fig. 1). Fungi were identified in the field at each permanent plot. In the case of doubt, specimens were collected for microscopic analysis to accurately identify the species. In the autumn-winter season, 69 species of fungi were found at all permanent plots together (Table 1), including 12 species representing Ascomycota and 57 representing Basidiomycota. Recorded species belong to 35 families – 8 families of Ascomycota (the best represented Xylariaceae) and 27 families of Basidiomycota (the best represented Polyporaceae and Tricholomataceae) (Figs 2A–B). Observations concerning the health condition of trees and changes caused by pathogenic fungi were also carried out on permanent study plots. Five species were found on the examined living trees: four parasitic species: Melampsorella caryophyllacearum, Armillaria mellea, Fomitiporia punctata, Aleurodiscus amorphus and one saprotrophic one Daedaleopsis confragosa. Five taxa found in the present studies has not been reported from the area of the Pieniny National Park before: Peniophora pithya (E category on the red list of fungi in Poland) sprouting on the bark of a spruce tree; Phlebia rufa and Lachnellula calyciformis observed on fallen, fir branches (R category on the red list of fungi in Poland); and Hyphodontia nespori and Merismodes fasciculatus – growing on the spruce wood. The results of the present study shows that the type of nature protection influences fungal diversity. At permanent plots under strict protection more species of rare and endangered in Poland and in the Polish Carpathians fungi were found, than in the other studied plots (Fig. 10).