Expansion of Captive and Establishment of Wild Père David’s Deer ( Elaphurus Davidianus) Populations on the Coast of Northern of Jiangsu Province, China

27 Mar Expansion of Captive and Establishment of Wild Père David’s Deer ( Elaphurus Davidianus) Populations on the Coast of Northern of Jiangsu Province, China

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Abstract

1986 年至 2004 年, 在苏北滨海湿地开展恢复麋鹿野生种群的研究。 从每年的 2 月份开始, 在麋鹿的产仔 期按照每旬记录产仔数, 直至产仔结束。 逐年统计 半散养 和野生麋鹿种群结构。 选择不同年龄阶段和不 同性别 的麋鹿进行称重, 分析个体的身体发育程度。 半散养麋鹿种群由 1986 年引进的 39 头, 发展到 2004 年的 706 头, 年均出生率 21 7% , 鹿群年均增长率为 17 5% , 现已繁殖了子四代; 野生 放养麋鹿由 31 头增加到 2004 年的 41 头, 年均出生率为 16 3% , 年均增长率为 9 0% , 且于 2003 年、 2004 年各产 1 头完 全属野生的子二代。 产仔季 节相由引进时的紊乱已调整至目前的规律性产仔。 研究表明大丰麋鹿种群繁殖 很成功, 其寿命、 行为、 生理发 育、 繁殖周期等都较引进时发生了显著的变化, 已 完全适 应了黄海湿地生态环境。 人类活动干扰仍是影 响麋鹿 种群恢复的一个重要因素。

English Abstract

Père David’ s deer ( Elaphurus davidianus) have been studied since the establishment of a captive herd at the
Dafeng Milu Nature Reserve, Jiangsu, in 1986. During calving season, we counted neonates every ten days. By dynamically monitoring and counting individuals in the captive-bred and the wild herds, we documented growth rates. We weighed
individuals of differing ages and both sexes. The captive herd at Dafeng increased rapidly, from 39 reintroduced in 1986 to
706 in 2004. During this period, mean natality was 21 9% and mean net growth rate was 17 5% . This herd has produced
a the 4th-generation (F4). Thirty-one individuals were released into the wild during 1998 – 2003, and the population numbered 41 in 2004. Mean natality was 16 3% and mean net growth was 9 0% . Two 2nd-generation ( F2) individuals were
born (1 each in 2003 and 2004). These results suggest that Père David’s deer have adopted to the Yellow Sea coastal environment in northern Jiangsu. Human activity is an important factor affecting re-establishing the wild Père David’ s deer
population.