Population Distribution of Formosan Sika Deer (cervus Nippon Taiouanus) in the Greater Kenting National Park Area

27 Mar Population Distribution of Formosan Sika Deer (cervus Nippon Taiouanus) in the Greater Kenting National Park Area

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Abstract

墾丁國家公園於1994年至1997年在社頂復育區外野放台灣梅花鹿（Cervus nippon tatouanus）3次共50頭，於2002至2003年間在龍鑾潭、出火及九鵬基地各野放10、30及62頭。野放後鹿群有生殖紀錄，也會受到獵犬及獵人的威脅。由於第一次野放至今已十幾年，為了解鹿群擴散範圍及數量，本研究自2006年3月至11月，在社頂、龍鑾潭、出火及中科院九鵬基地等地區調查台灣梅花鹿及其痕跡。調查結果顯示社頂地區鹿群分佈範圍逐漸擴大，北至大山母山，門馬羅山、白沙瀰山及港口溪，南至埔頂，範圍約4000公頃。痕跡密度較高的區域為森林二區、社頂公園、毛柿林、復育區北方及門馬羅珊等地區。社頂社區由目擊數量估算鹿群總數約有393-478頭，由新鮮排遺數量估算為272-569頭，由痕跡相對數量估計為341-481頭。以上度範圍介於每公頃0.07-0.14頭。龍鑾潭地區約100公頃估有16-37頭、出火地區約100公頃估有7-12頭及九鵬基地約600公頃估有48-96頭等，以上四區族群數量總計為343-714頭。此外在社頂地區了用自動照像肌測德路群總數介於500至1523隻間，密度約為每耕請0.13-0.38頭，與其他三區痕跡估計為571-1668頭。由陷阱數量及族群數量增減推測社頂地區南方及出火地區獵捕壓力較高。調查數量與2003年度比較，顯示台灣梅花鹿野放族群數量仍緩步增加。

English Abstract

Kenting National Park released Formosan Sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus ) three times to the field outside restoration site at She Ding between 1994 and 1997. The total number of released deer was 50 individuals. During 2002–2003, there are 10,30, and 62 Sika deer released at Longluantan, Chuhou and Jiu Peng Air Base. After released, the deer have breeding records, but they are still threatened by hunters and gun dogs. Since the first time to release, it has passed through more than ten years. In order to understand the dispersal range and population size of deer, we surveyed Formosan Sika deer and their track at Sheding, Longluantan, Chuhou and Jiu Peng Air Base from March to November , 2006. This result shows that the dispersal range at Sheding area is increasing larger. North to Mt.Sianmou, Manmalou, Paisami and Habor stream, south to Ding-Pu, the range is about 4000ha. The areas of higher tracking density are forest 2, Sheding park, mosaics forest, restoration site and Mt Manmalou etc. By sight, the total amount of Sika deer is estimated to be 393~478 at Sheding area. By fresh droppings, the estimated amount is 272–569. By tracks and sign related abundance, the estimated number runs from 341-481. The density is between 0.07–0.14/ha. Longluantan area is about 100ha, estimated number is 16–37. Chuhou area is also about 100ha, estimated number is 7–12, and Jiu Peng Air Base area is about 600ha, estimated number is 48–96. The sum in four regions is 343–714. Nevertheless, infrared camera survey at Sheding area shows that the number is between 500–1523, and its density is about 0.13-0.38/ha. Together with other three areas, the sum of the estimated number is 571-1668. From the number of traps and the population size could show that southern Sheding area and Chuhou area have more pressure of being hunted. Compared with the population survey in 2003, the data displays that the population of Formosan Sika deer is still increasing.